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Trabajadores Inmigrantes Que Trabajan en Virginia

Por Abogado Brian Mittman

Últimamente, los noticieros han estado llenos de historias sobre inmigrantes, en especial, después de la deportación de muchos trabajadores indocumentados. Muchos creíamos que los trabajadores indocumentados que tienen mucho tiempo trabajando en el país no se verían afectados, pero parece ser que nadie se salvará.

En Virginia, las leyes estatales tienen prioridad sobre las leyes federales cuando se trata de trabajadores indocumentados y ellos deberían informarse sobre sus derechos y las leyes.

Lea abajo para obtener más información sobre los derechos de los trabajadores migrantes en Virginia. También, usted puede visitar a nuestros otros recursos legales de inmigración o hablar con uno de nuestros abogados de inmigración en Virginia para aprender más sobre sus opciones legales.

Trabajadores Indocumentados en Estados Unidos y Virginia

En 2014, el número de trabajadores indocumentados en Estados Unidos era de 8 millones.

Este número representa el 5 % de la fuerza laboral del país. En 2015, vivían 499,540 extranjeros en el estado de Virginia. El Pew Research Center señala a Virginia como uno de los seis estados con mayor aumento de trabajadores inmigrantes entre 2009 y 2014. Desde entonces, el número se ha mantenido relativamente estable.

Además de los trabajadores indocumentados, también hay 510,086 inmigrantes que se han naturalizados. En todo el país, muchos trabajadores indocumentados aceptan trabajos que los estadounidenses no quieren hacer. La mayor parte del trabajo agrícola estacional y de mantenimiento en la industria hotelera la realizan los trabajadores indocumentados. A pesar de su estado ilegal, los inmigrantes indocumentados representan una parte importante de la fuerza laboral del país.

Derechos de los Trabajadores Inmigrantes en Virginia

Los ciudadanos naturalizados y los inmigrantes con papeles tienen los mismos derechos que los ciudadanos nacidos en el país. Pero la situación es muy diferente para los trabajadores indocumentados.

En Virginia, pueden hacer demandas contra sus empleadores por discriminación, condiciones inseguras de trabajo o cualquier tipo de violaciones laborales sin temor a ser deportados. En este estado, es ilegal contratar trabajadores indocumentados, pero una vez contratados deben contar con las mismas protecciones laborales que los demás trabajadores.

Si bien es ilegal que un empleador llame a las autoridades para reportar a los empleados que los demandan, estas situaciones se dan. Una vez que las autoridades se involucran, el trabajador indocumentado puede ser deportado o enfrentar cargos criminales.

La Ley de Reforma y Control de Inmigración (ICRA)

En 1986, el presidente Reagan firmó la Ley de Reforma y Control de Inmigración (ICRA), que ofrecía amnistía a los trabajadores indocumentados para que se naturalicen. La ley se creó por dos razones:

  • Para evitar que los empleadores exploten a los trabajadores indocumentados por el miedo a ser arrestados
  • Para evitar que los empleadores contraten a trabajadores indocumentados para trabajos que los estadounidenses no quieren hacer por sueldos tan bajos

Aunque el gobierno federal esperaba que la ICRA eliminaría la inmigración, la verdad es que los efectos no fueron los esperados. Aunque los trabajadores legalizados pudieron aumentar sus sueldos hasta un 33 %, el problema es que todavía hay trabajadores indocumentados en el país.

Derechos de Salario Mínimo

Cuando se habla sobre salarios para trabajadores indocumentados, las leyes estatales y federales son el centro de atención. Es ilegal que un empleador contrate a trabajadores indocumentados y, si lo hacen, el trabajador tiene derecho a los mismos beneficios de acuerdo con las leyes federales. Esto incluye el derecho federal a recibir un salario mínimo. Sin embargo, esto se complica por la jurisdicción del estado.

De acuerdo con las leyes del estado de Virginia, cualquier trabajador, sin importar su condición legal, tiene derecho al salario mínimo. Incluso cubre a los trabajadores agrícolas e indica que cualquier granja con al menos tres trabajadores debe pagar el sueldo mínimo.

Beneficios de Compensación Laboral

Cada estado tiene sus propias leyes con respecto a la compensación de los trabajadores inmigrantes. Por ejemplo, las leyes de compensación de trabajadores en Virginia son diferentes de las leyes de compensación laboral en Nueva York y otros estados.

Cuando se habla de beneficios de compensación laboral para los trabajadores indocumentados, solo aplica la ley estatal. Durante mucho tiempo, las leyes de Virginia indicaban que los trabajadores indocumentados no podían solicitar la compensación laboral si se lastimaban. Pero, como la ley federal indica que los trabajadores indocumentados tienen derecho a estos beneficios, los negocios de Virginia podían ser demandados por los trabajadores lesionados.

En el estado de Virginia, la solución actual indica que un trabajador indocumentado lesionado tiene derecho a recibir beneficios de compensación laboral. Los trabajadores indocumentados de Virginia pueden recibir atención médica, pero no pueden recibir compensación por pérdidas a menos que tengan una lesión de discapacidad completa.

Los trabajadores indocumentados hacen muchos trabajos que los ciudadanos estadounidenses preferirían no hacer. Su estado legal complica su vida porque tienen que cuidarse todo el tiempo, pero, en Virginia, los trabajadores indocumentados tienen algunos derechos laborales.

Biografía del Autor:

Brian Mittman es uno de los socios de Ayuda Me Legal. Tiene mucha experiencia en casos de compensación laboral, seguro social y lesiones personales.

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  4. One Good Reason You Need to Lawyer Up

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My husband and I had a great experience with Mrs. Mendoza. She provided excellent information and a sense of urgency with every step of our immigration process. Her team was always supportive in getting us the information we needed throughout the whole process. This legal firm also treats their clients with the highest levels of respect. In all of Virginia I would say that the Gardener & Mendoza team is the best recommendation for same sex immigration cases and for immigration cases in general. It was a pleasure to work with them. - Anonymous
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Well, hard to believe… job done! I’m frank to admit I had no idea that it would be so involved compared to 10 years ago when I did the renewal myself. Happily I was fortunate enough to find the best people to help get it done this time. When I was a working stiff it was mostly as a field guy in sales & marketing. High tech communication in those days was a pay phone in customers’ lobbies, so someone back in the office skilled in dealing w/problems was absolutely essential when I couldn’t be contacted. Most of those who supported me that way were good at what they did, some were outstanding. None were better than you!! This tedious & sometimes worrisome process would have been unbearable without your keeping it, & me, on track. So we want to extend our thanks to you and Radlyn. Hoping for Gardner & Mendoza to continue the good work for many years to come. - Anonymous
Gardner and Mendoza Law Firm is a great law firm no matter what kind of situation you may be in! For example I had court today, John Gardner, my attorney represented me today and got the charged dismissed totally the first time we both appeared in front of the judge in Virginia Beach Traffic Court. He uses every bit of knowledge he can to help you get the best results!! He also works very well with Latinos! They have a Spanish speaking person in their office at all times!! - Sebastian
My husband and I had a great experience with Mrs. Mendoza. She provided excellent information and a sense of urgency with every step of our immigration process. Her team was always supportive in getting us the information we needed throughout the whole process. This legal firm also treats their clients with the highest levels of respect. In all of Virginia I would say that the Gardener & Mendoza team is the best recommendation for same sex immigration cases and for immigration cases in general. It was a pleasure to work with them. - Anonymous
I Highly Recommend Radlyn Mendoza, An Excellent Immigration Lawyer. My wife and I were very worried about my wife’s immigration and legal status. We were quite impressed with Attorney Mendoza during our initial consultation. She proved to be a smart, knowledgeable, and very capable immigration attorney. She and her staff were very helpful and responsive to all of our requests. Kudos to her and staff, especially Leesa, for successfully handling our case. Thanks for a job well done. - Thomas and Cheong W.
My daughter received a reckless driving ticket going 60 in a 35 mph zone, so understandably, I was very concerned. In court, Mr. Gardner was able to get the reckless driving charge and ticket completely dismissed due to his knowledge of what the police officer had to present in court. Mr. Gardner was a familiar face to the judge and the clerks in the Virginia Beach courthouse. When we contacted John Gardner’s office at Gardner & Mendoza, he and his staff made us feel comfortable by explaining the whole process to us. His track record and the reviews online helped make the decision to choose Mr. Gardner over other attorneys easy. I highly recommend Mr. Gardner. He gave us peace of mind and won the case too! - Michelle
Well, hard to believe… job done! I’m frank to admit I had no idea that it would be so involved compared to 10 years ago when I did the renewal myself. Happily I was fortunate enough to find the best people to help get it done this time. When I was a working stiff it was mostly as a field guy in sales & marketing. High tech communication in those days was a pay phone in customers’ lobbies, so someone back in the office skilled in dealing w/problems was absolutely essential when I couldn’t be contacted. Most of those who supported me that way were good at what they did, some were outstanding. None were better than you!! This tedious & sometimes worrisome process would have been unbearable without your keeping it, & me, on track. So we want to extend our thanks to you and Radlyn. Hoping for Gardner & Mendoza to continue the good work for many years to come. - Anonymous
Gardner and Mendoza Law Firm is a great law firm no matter what kind of situation you may be in! For example I had court today, John Gardner, my attorney represented me today and got the charged dismissed totally the first time we both appeared in front of the judge in Virginia Beach Traffic Court. He uses every bit of knowledge he can to help you get the best results!! He also works very well with Latinos! They have a Spanish speaking person in their office at all times!! - Sebastian
My husband and I had a great experience with Mrs. Mendoza. She provided excellent information and a sense of urgency with every step of our immigration process. Her team was always supportive in getting us the information we needed throughout the whole process. This legal firm also treats their clients with the highest levels of respect. In all of Virginia I would say that the Gardener & Mendoza team is the best recommendation for same sex immigration cases and for immigration cases in general. It was a pleasure to work with them. - Anonymous

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